查看历史信息

git log <last tag> HEAD --pretty=format:%s

Commit message 的格式

header(必须)、body(可选)和footer(可选)

<type>(<scope>): <subject>
<BLANK LINE>
<body>
<BLANK LINE>
<footer>

type（必须）、scope（可选)和subject（必须）

type

  • feat：新功能（feature）
  • fix：修补bug
  • docs：文档（documentation）
  • style： 格式（不影响代码运行的变动）
  • refactor：重构（即不是新增功能，也不是修改bug的代码变动）
  • test：增加测试
  • chore：构建过程或辅助工具的变动

scope

scope用于说明 commit 影响的范围，比如数据层、控制层、视图层等等，视项目不同而不同。

subject

subject是 commit 目的的简短描述，不超过50个字符。

其他注意事项：

  • 以动词开头，使用第一人称现在时，比如change，而不是changed或changes
  • 第一个字母小写
  • 结尾不加句号（.）

Body

Body 部分是对本次 commit 的详细描述，可以分成多行。

有两个注意点:

  • 使用第一人称现在时，比如使用change而不是changed或changes。
  • 永远别忘了第2行是空行
  • 应该说明代码变动的动机，以及与以前行为的对比。

关闭 Issue

如果当前 commit 针对某个issue，那么可以在 Footer 部分关闭这个 issue 。

Closes #234

Revert

还有一种特殊情况，如果当前 commit 用于撤销以前的 commit，则必须以revert:开头，后面跟着被撤销 Commit 的 Header。

revert: feat(pencil): add 'graphiteWidth' option

This reverts commit 667ecc1654a317a13331b17617d973392f415f02.

Body部分的格式是固定的，必须写成This reverts commit hash ，其中的hash是被撤销 commit 的 SHA 标识符。

Git Commit Guidelines

We have very precise rules over how our git commit messages can be formatted. This leads to more readable messages that are easy to follow when looking through the project history. But also, we use the git commit messages to generate the AngularJS change log.

The commit message formatting can be added using a typical git workflow or through the use of a CLI wizard (Commitizen). To use the wizard, run yarn run commit in your terminal after staging your changes in git.

Commit Message Format

Each commit message consists of a header, a body and a footer. The header has a special format that includes a type, a scope and a subject:

<type>(<scope>): <subject>
<BLANK LINE>
<body>
<BLANK LINE>
<footer>

The header is mandatory and the scope of the header is optional.

Any line of the commit message cannot be longer 100 characters! This allows the message to be easier to read on GitHub as well as in various git tools.

Revert

If the commit reverts a previous commit, it should begin with revert: , followed by the header of the reverted commit. In the body it should say: This reverts commit <hash>., where the hash is the SHA of the commit being reverted.

Type

Must be one of the following:

  • feat: A new feature
  • fix: A bug fix
  • docs: Documentation only changes
  • style: Changes that do not affect the meaning of the code (white-space, formatting, missing semi-colons, etc)
  • refactor: A code change that neither fixes a bug nor adds a feature
  • perf: A code change that improves performance
  • test: Adding missing or correcting existing tests
  • chore: Changes to the build process or auxiliary tools and libraries such as documentation generation

Scope

The scope could be anything specifying place of the commit change. For example $location, $browser, $compile, $rootScope, ngHref, ngClick, ngView, etc…

You can use * when the change affects more than a single scope.

Subject

The subject contains succinct description of the change:

  • use the imperative, present tense: “change” not “changed” nor “changes”
  • don’t capitalize first letter
  • no dot (.) at the end

Body

Just as in the subject, use the imperative, present tense: “change” not “changed” nor “changes”. The body should include the motivation for the change and contrast this with previous behavior.

The footer should contain any information about Breaking Changes and is also the place to [reference GitHub issues that this commit closes][closing-issues].

Breaking Changes should start with the word BREAKING CHANGE: with a space or two newlines. The rest of the commit message is then used for this.

A detailed explanation can be found in this [document][commit-message-format].